Redemption in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay -- Christmas

Redemption in A Christmas Carol by Charles DickensIntroduction Charles Dickens wrote A Christmas carol reflecting on the society thathe live in the Victoria Era. During the reign of Queen VictoriaBritain became one of the most Industrialised countries in European.From Britain Factories, mills, shipyards came products ranging fromsteam locomotives, to textiles and ship, while coal miners toiled deep below the ground to produce the coal needed to power Britain expandingIndustries.During Victorian measure there was a serious gap between the rich andpoor. Rich flock were very wealthy and poor people were living outside on the payments in very poor weathering conditions, also poorpeople were in poverty. curtly industrialisation began factories startedto open, and poor people began to work in factories. Many peasantswere paid minimum wages. So many peasants were suffering hardship forexample living condition. bread and butter condition during the Victorian Era were very poor they used t owork for a long working hour and not get any col or time off at anyTime. And Long working hour made poor workers very tired. They would getstraight to work as soon as they enter in. Later child poke began.Many children started working in factories. Most of the children weremainly boys rather then grails. Child labour in Victorian England wasdescribed as the children chained belted harnessed like dog, and alsohalf naked.Diseases were caught quite a lot during the Victorian times bychildren who were working in factories and other sorts of places.Charles dickens decided to call his story a song because Christmas wasassociated with celebrating and singing carols. Everything thats hewanted to find ... ...everyone he meets. He visits Freds house and has a wonderful time atthe party. The next morning, Scrooge gets to work early. When Cratchitcomes in late, Scrooge pretends to reprimand him, then gives him araise. Scrooge continues his kindly ways, befriending everyone andbecoming a se cond father to Tiny Tim, who does not die. He never seesthe ghosts again, but he keeps the spirit of Christmas alive in hisheart as well as anyone.The Conclusion is that scrooge is a miserable miser who cares nothingfor other and does not known how to keep Christmas. Consider the effect more carefully, these fire well fed business men certainly knowhow models of conspicuous consumption. Their charity would reach ahandful of people who got out of it a good meal for a day and nothingwould alleviate the sources of their poverty and misery for the restof the years.

Cars :: essays research papers fc

Works Cited McBride, Gordon. Automobile Manufacturing. Career Information Center. 2 vols. modernistic York MacMillan Library Reference USA, 1996 p. 98-100 Tardiff, Joseph, ed. Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment. US Industry Profiles. New York Gale Research, 1998 p. 394-401 Broughty, James. Careers in Transport. Chicago The Institute for Research, 1999 Womack, James P., Jones, Daniel T., and Roos, Daniel. The Machine that Changed the World. New York MacMillan Publishing Company, 1990 Farr, Max. Automobile Industry. Hoovers Online. Online. Internet. February 2000 There is no industry more benefaction in the world-wide community than the political machine industry. The cable carmobile has changed the lives, culture, and economy of the people and nations that manufacture and demand them. Ever since the late 1800s when the first modern car was invented by Benz and Daimler in Germany, the industry has grown into a billion dollar industry affecting so many aspects of our lives. There are more than 400 million passenger cars alone on the roads today. During the early part of the twentieth century, the United States was home to more than 90 percent of the worlds automotive industry, unless has shrunk to about 20 percent in todays world. This drastic change has occurred by the booming economies in such nations as Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Italy, and other nations. The US auto industry sales totaled $205 billion, or 3.3 percent of the total Gross Domestic Product. (Tardiff 394) By the end of 19th century, there were about five hundred auto manufacturers, but that number dropped sharply to 23 by 1917, and today the Big tierce dominate the market. Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler make up the Big Three which account for 23 percent of the worlds motor vehicle production in 1997, with the Japanese industries coming in second, producing 21 percent. Germany produces 9 percent, Spain, France, due south Korea, and Canada each produce 5 percent of the inte rnational market in 1997. In the US alone, the auto industry, which includes its 500,000 car-related businesses, create 12 million jobs. The automobile is clearly an oligopoly, but each companys control of the market has gradually diminished because of rising foreign competition. The US has three main auto manufacturers, Japan has five major producers as does Germany. from each one of these companies produce differentiated versions of the same product, have control over their products prices, and rely heavily on non-price competition. Each company produces a new line of cars for each model annually.

jared :: essays research papers

Can I buy you a drink, or do you just want the money. I may not be Fred Flintstone, scarce I bet I can make your bed rock. Do you believe in love at first sight, or should I liberty chit by again? Hi, my name is name, how do you like me so far? Your bodys name must be Visa, because its everywhere I want to be. I may not be the beaver looking guy here, but Im the only one talking to you. Yo Baby, you be my Dairy Queen, Ill be your Burger King, you treat me right, and Ill do it your way. Excuse me, do you have your phone number, I turn backm to have lost mine. I cant find my puppy, can you help me find him? I compute he went into this cheap motel room. Im new in town, could I have directions to your house. If you were a new hamburger at McDonalds, you would be McGorgeous. Lets do breakfast tomorrow. Should I cover you or nudge you? If I could rewrite the alphabet, I would put U and I together. in that respect must be something wrong with my eyes, I cant take them collide with you. Do you have a map? I just keep on getting lost in your eyes. You might not be the best looking girl here, but beauty is only a light switch away. Thats a nice shirt. Can I talk you out of it? There must be something wrong with my eyes, I cant take them off you. Are you from Tennessee? Because youre the only ten I see Was your father a thief? Cause psyche stole the stars from the sky and put them in your eyes. Your daddy must have been a baker, cause youve got a nice set of buns. Excuse me, but I DO think its time we met. Shall we talk or continue flirting from a distance? Is it cold in here, or are you just happy to see me. Do you sleep on your stomach? No. Can I? Be unique and different, say yes. You make me so nervous and flustered, Ive completely forget my standard pick-up line. Do you have a map? I just keep on getting lost in your eyes. Is it that cold out or are you just smuggling tic-tacs. Excuse me I lost my teddy bear will you sleep with me tonight.

Understanding Black Holes Essay -- Astronomy, research papers

Throughout the modern era of astronomy, a single type of celestial object has puzzled astronomers more than either other. Black holes, whose existence was only verified in the early 1990s, have fascinated scientists ever since Einstein first proposed the theoretical concept in the 1930s. A gloomy hole is an object so tiny, but also so dense, that it has the power to pull planets, stars, and even light into its core, and ultimately destroy everything in its path. everywhere the past decade much has been discovered about these enigmas of space and time however, many of these recent discoveries lead to more unanswered questions. Nevertheless, the basic life wheel of a black hole is now understood in ways thought to be impossible only twenty years ago.In pasture to bulge out to grasp the destructive force of a black hole, one must first understand its creation. Oddly enough, a black hole sack only be formed from the death of a star, but no ordinary star can create a black hole it has to be a super-massive star. Stars consist mainly of hydrogen, and the hydrogen atoms are under such great pressure that they collide and cause a confederation reaction, which creates helium. This constant fusion reaction within the star is what keeps it from collapsing onto itself, thereby sustaining its massive size for billions of years. When a normal-sized star begins to run out of hydrogen, eventually the entire star will begin to run out of hydrogen and the star will actually expand and engulf the inner planets (including earth) before contracting. An average sized star like that of our solarize will now become the size of the Earth (Ando, 2004). This is called a white dwarf, and although white dwarves are too dim to be seen from Earth with the naked eye, they zip cont... ... holes die but it takes awhile. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from http//www.wonderquest.com/black-holes.htmMorcone, J. (2007, December). Death Star Galaxy Black Hole Fires at Neighboring Galaxy. Retriev ed March 14, 2015, from http//www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/07-139.htmlNadis, S. (2010). Exploring the galaxy-black hole connection. (Cover story). Astronomy, 38(5), 28-33. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from donnish Search Premier database.Talcott, R. (2010). A black hole caught in the act. Astronomy, 38(5), 25. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database.Talcott, R. (2010). Black holes do a waltz. Astronomy, 38(5), 26. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database.Taubes, G. (1999). String Theorists Find a Rosetta Stone. Science, 285(5427), 512. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database.

The Cult Of True Womanhood Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Cult of True Womanhood     The "Cult of True Womanhood" has greatly influenced society throughoutall of Americas history. This set of standards was first accepted and practicedby all of the European colonies. They were then passed through the generationsand, in many cases, take over exist. Ill describe the essay, "The Cult of TrueWomanhood," and discuss my views on it. Ill then illustrate how these standardsare still present in todays society.     First, Ill discuss the essay. Its easiest to describe this essay if Ibegin by defining "The Cult of True Womanhood." As I stated the introduction, itis a set of standards. These principles create and work created a strong office between the genders, and therefore, caused tension. Basically, itstates that men are to work and make money for the family. A womans goal was tofind a husband and have children. Women were also expected to have four maincardinal virtues - piety, purity, submissiveness, and domestication. Piety is,basically, grace. Women were to expected to always be dainty and lovely. Purityspeaks for itself. Women were expected to stay abstinent until marriage.Submissiveness means that the woman should, at once married to a man, completelydevote herself to him, carrying out his every wish within her power. One verypowerful sentence in the essay rise up represents the womans goals and values wellaccording to "The Cul...

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: The Destruction of Laura :: Glass Menagerie essays

The Destruction of Laura in The Glass Menagerie   In Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, the character of Laura is like a fragile piece of grump. The play is based around a fragile family and their difficulties coping with life.   Laura unable to survive in the external world - retreating into their apartment and her glass collection and victrola. There is one specific time when she appears to be progressing when Jim is there and she is feeling comfortable with being around him. This stands out because in all other(a) scenes of the play Laura has never been able to even consider conversation with a Gentleman Caller.   Lauras mother and brother shared some of her fragile tendencies. Amanda, Lauras mother, continually lives in the past. Her reflection of her teenage years continually haunts Laura. To the point where she forces her to see a Gentleman Caller it is then that Tom reminds his mother not to expect to practically of Laura she is unlike other girls . But Lauras mother has not allowed herself nor the rest of the family to see Laura as different from other girls. Amanda continually lives in the past when she was young a pretty and lived on the plantation. Laura must feel she can never live up to her mothers expectations. Her mother continually reminds her of her differences throughout the play.    Every time the family comes to a opponent someone retreats to the past and reflects on life as it was back then, not dealing with life as it is for them today. Tom, assuming the macho role of the man of the house, babies and shelters Laura from the outside world. His mother reminds him that he is to feel a responsibility for his sister. He carries this burden throughout the play. His mother knows if it were not for his sisters needs he would have been long gone. Laura must pickup on some of this, she is so sensitive she must sense Toms feeling of being trapped. Tom dreams of going away to learn of the world, Laura is aware of this and she is terrified of what may become of them if he were to leave.    Laura feels she will never find someone that will take care of her. This is very upsetting because it is obvious that it is very serious to everyone in the family.

Adrienne Rich’s 21 Love Poems Essay

In Twenty-One Love Poems by Adrienne Rich, each poem helps us understand her life. We as the readers get a sneak peak at the struggles she faces due to an almost doomed hump affair she has with another woman. The settings of her poems take place in Manhattan which she refers to as the island of Manhattan many times. thither is a transitioning from beginning to end of this short collection of poems. Rich begins her collection with a jolly almost exuberant tone of passion and romance she shares with her lover. In poem IV she maintains I open the mail, drinking delicious coffee, delicious music, my body still both light and heavy with you (10-12). The speaker here is having carnal contact with her lover, juxtaposed to the later poems where the lover is only a memory. The solitude she finds herself in is seen in poem XVIII Close between grief and anger, a space opens where I am Adrienne alone. And growing heatlesser (13-14). This is the exact point where we find out her sadness and l oss she has experienced. I will focus on this nerve of the spectrum, Adrienne Richs transition into solitude.Poem XVIII starts off with rain in the city, and the speaker is at a red light at Riverside. It passel be interpreted that the rain is in correlation with her sadness and/or tears as to finding herself at a stop in her life, which is in correlation with the red light she is currently waiting on. This assertion can be made by the lines that follow the more I live, the more I think/ two people together is a miracle (3-4). She is clearly being judgmental about relationships in general based on her experiences in love. two people together dont necessarily have to be viewed as a miracle like she puts it. Two women however, in her time, had to have a hole-and-corner(a) love, completely unknown to the outside world.The end result would be that their love for each other would have to always stay hidden, as to why she writes The point of our lives becomes our lives (7). She cont inues by telling her lover that she knows her response al ready, and that it most likely will sound like something some Victorian poet would feel out. salt estranging sea is what she pulls from Matthew Arnolds To Marguerite which is mostly stating that we are all alone no matter the millions of people around us. Rich ends the poem by stating that she is in a state of estrangement. Estrangement is separation resulting from hostility, but in this case the estrangement can possibly be synonymous for a fresh start. What can be real potent to understand about the ending of this poem is that although a clef of light is visible, Adrienne feels more alone than ever. Although the start of something new can be both, good and shake for someone, the start of this new day for Adrienne makes her feel colder than she ever has felt.Rich continues in poem XIX to show the darker side of the island of Manhattan. The poem starts off with a heading Can it be growing colder when I begin to touch mys elf again, adhesion pull away? (1-2) The tone here is grief and an uprising anger. It is interesting to line up that although the speaker is engaging in masturbation, she still feels the coldness that overcame her in poem XVIII. It is bizarre because someone wouldnt normally associate the act of masturbation with coldness, unless, this character brings up a memory, a memory which gives her an unhappy feeling. She continues by stating that a naked face turns from looking backwards and is now looking to the past for comfort, she is ready to take on what is in front of her the eye of winter, city, anger, poverty and death (5).This new present she is currently facing maybe too much for her to digest. This is why she contemplates if her life is worth living in the following line. She shifts the poem to address her lover by asking her a question. She asks her if she is speaking in a cold manner if she says love isnt miraculous. This is a transitioning in her state of mind, new profound wisdom enters her and she shares it with us and her lover. She realizes that a relationship consisting of two women is a usage just like any other relationship. Thos who are able to be in a healthy relationship can view their efforts as epical in its ordinariness. The poem ends by Rich telling her love to look at the faces of those who have chosen to be in love, that although it takes a lot of hard work, they are in the end happy.Poem XX starts off very ambiguously, with the speaker stating that the conversation she and her lover were supposed to have keeps on replaying in her head. The event that it never happened haunts her till this day. She continues the poem by stating that she can distinguish a woman she once loved, the very woman who holds many secrets that built an immense add up of fear. She has tried to speak to this woman on many occasions but her expressive head is a dragging down deeper into a place where she is unable to make contact with her. The woman she is tryi ng to speak to the entire time is herself. She comes into a self realization that she misses the woman she used to be.In twenty- one love poems, Adrienne Rich gives us a peek into her changing thoughts about love and life. She uses contradictions to parallel the thinking process all of us have with love. There is a change of mind happening throughout all of the poems and this makes the poems and poet appear more human-like. What I mean is that in everyday life people have contradictions about many things and this is how Adrienne Rich does a great idea in humanizing thoughts. Her life is hard to live and she realizes that and so do we. I feel safe to say that she knows its tough but this is a life she has chosen. We experience her hardships in her life through her poetry and we see her transition into solitude.Works CitedRich, Adrienne. 21 Love Poems http//www.sabrinaaiellophotography.com/files/Complete_21_Love_Poems_by_Adrienne_Rich.htm

Sociology and Age Section Ch

Ch 10 What role does the media need to play in ending gender violence? What is the glass jacket? Why are wo men a minority group? In what countries mentioned in the text has mass media helped create an incipient womens movement by showing women that opposite gender relationships are possible? What was the result of the remarks made by the President of Harvard University suggesting women had inborn characteristics making them less competitive than men in fields such(prenominal) as engineering? What did the Vietnam vet date of referencens study find out about aggression?When the media replaces older female broadcasters with younger ones while keeping older ones, what might relieve this? How do feminists feel about female circumcision? What is the glass escalator? What is gender tracking? What is disengagement theory? How do sociologists view gender based port? What is an age cohert What is suttee in India? What was Engels explanation of patriarchy? In which sociological perspective do theorists focus on how the meaning of old age shifts based on the changing conditions of society? What is life expectancy? What are honor killings?What were the 3 waves of feminism? What were the goals of each? What is the description of feminism? What is activity theory (age section ch 10) Which era lead to the greatest increase in life expectancy? What is unintentional sexual discrimination in healthcare? Ch 11 What is a rational-legal authority? A charismatic leader? Who in US history has embodied both? Which country pays the well-nigh social security taxes? Which type of leader is believed to be fleck by God? What are criticisms of socialism? What is capitalism? What happens when economies have both?The Ruling class are Domhoffs description of which group? (Ruling class) What are their characteristics? What is dictatorship? Give examples. What invention lead to the industrial era? What effect does industrialization have on traditional authorities? In capitalism, who dete rmines the cost of goods? What is a governmental action committee? What lead to conspicuous consumption? What is convergence theory? Early systems of government closely resembled what type of social institution? Town anteroom meetings are held to create laws in which type of government?What are the 3 conditions of war? What is the global villiage? Which theorist stated an items value is based on the control that goes into it and that profit is made by paying workers less than this? What are the 3 sources of authority identified by Weber? Who has a monopoly on legitimate beat back and violence? What is the political gender gap? What is the most common title for the ruler of a city state? Which theorist says authority must be deemed legitimate by the people? Ch 12 In both single mother families and married couples what is the most common childcare for working mothers?What is the sociological definition of marriage? What is serial fatherhood? What are the biggest strains in the US family? What percent of US marriages are interracial? Is the family universal? Who says? Which theory is going to look at the meaning of womens work? What trends are expected to continue in education? What influence does industrialization have on family structure? Which racial/ social group is least likely to be headed by a married couple? Who are the most common incest offenders? Which racial/ethnic group is most likely to have strong fatherly influence?Which theory identified that the family provides economic production, socialization, care of the sick and aged, etc.? Who are DINKS? SINKS? Who are boomerang children? Ch 13 What did Marx say about religion? What do schools have to do with the cultural transmission of values? What are they? What were the 2 major goal of education when it was source introduced to the masses? What is tracking Which theory says religion gives meaning to our lives? What is gatekeeping in education? Which functions of families are now being fulfilled b y schools?What was the Inquisition? What is a certificate society? What does it mean to be born again? What is mainstreaming of disabilities? How does money influence school admission in Japan? Religion has been used to justify denying homosexuals rights in America. What would a conflict theorist say this says about religion? What is ecclesia? What was the result of the remarks made by the President of Harvard University suggesting women had inborn characteristics making them less competitive than men in fields such as engineering?

Oil Dependancy, Oil Shortfall Impact and Economic Development Planning

Question 1 Dependence on crude embrocate & A Oil deficit trespassQuestion 2 Economic Development PlanningQuestion 1We come across a batch of docudramas on about day-to-day footing, yet some of them ar serious plenty to pull our attending towards the upseting province of the Earth. Most significantly, all(a) of these sorts of docudramas argon oerly supported by comprehensive research and surveies conveying the aforementioned(prenominal) massages bes doting that we worlds are in great problem and we are traveling to see a much different lifetime than of all time before. The docudrama, The Crude Awakening- ( The Oil Crash 2007 ) signifies one of the most alarming state of affairss that even powerful sparing systems are confronting today, i.e. , how dependance on crude cover is impacting non merely the cover financial values but similarly the nutritious supply. This essay aims to foreground whats traveling to go on in transit, nutrient and energy sectors of different me tropoliss of the coupled States when the economic system runs short of inexpensive oil colour.Oil is a au naturel necessity of the universe and besides for the burning engines its standardised a life line. Harmonizing to energy information disposal 2009 estimations, about 84 to 85 million barrels of oil was pumped and consumed each bit good, worldwide.With tantamount ingestion and exertion rate of oil, is it possible that we keep pumping the fossil fuels without the depletion of resources?Obviously, you cant carry through the oil take ins of the full universe with a individual well. Though in that respect are limitless figure of oil well, some of them are still productive while some are dried out, yet each of them wee-wee out a peculiar work bell curve, dwelling of productiveness maximization, stabilising and so consuming to nil with certain figure of gray ages. This curve is called Hubbert abbreviate and presented by Shell geologist named King Hubbert, in 1965 ( Jimene z, 2009 ) .This curve is besides applied to oil production all over the universe, Normally, oil companies concentrate more on large and easy to happen oil Fieldss ab initio and so come to deeper and smaller 1s when the big 1s start consuming. They besides take the aid of newer engineerings in this respect. In a nut shell, harmonizing to a bell curve, the production is supposed to increase, make at extremum and diminution eventually.It is to be noted that point called peak oil is arise before depletion. Take an illustration of decanter filled with java, to understand the construct. Pour cup after cup without any attempt until you see a watercourse of Java. Obviously, you would certainly necessitate to badly lean the decanter to run out the dredges. Your support streamlined cup before the concluding autumn is the peak point. De art objectd for oil will maintain lifting nevertheless oil militias of the planet will consume ( Avent, 2008 ) .What is the scenario after the peak point is evoked? Indeed, an oil clang.Harmonizing to U.S. subdivision of the interior geological study the anticipations sing the impacts of worst oil clang involve higher burn out monetary values, endangered globalisation, increasing lawlessness and irreparable development of secured boring points.The solution of the job might trust in diminishing our dependance on fossil fuels. Alternate resources of bio fuels and energy seem of bit in this scenario. Many critics have labeled oil deficits as something political benefit, in position of universe political relations. Everything is rather clear. Supply is less than the request as of all time, obliging us to research alternate energy resources and alter energy use patterns. Even if we are able to use the last bead of the oil through latest engineering, increasing spread between supply and demand and higher monetary values would name a demand for a alteration.Current Tendencies of Oil ingestion in United StatesUnited States consumer really small part of petroleum oil as most of the oil is refined to be used in crude oil merchandise fabrication like Diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasolene etc. Natural gas processing generates liquid that is besides used the identical manner. Renewable resources like biodiesel are used as an option for refined crude oil points. EIA besides takes into history biofuels in ingestion studies.Harmonizing to U.S. agency of economic analysis of current concern 6.89 billion barrels of crude oil merchandises were consumed in United States in 2013, connoting 18.89 million barrels per twenty-four hours, in which biofuels account for 0.32 billion.The Deficits in U.S PetroleumHarmonizing to U.S. agency of economic analysis of current concern Deficits in U.S. crude oil trade have been equal to a big fraction of the instability between U.S. imports and exports. Between 2000 and 2012, the cumulative sum of U.S. trade shortages in rough oil and refined crude oil merchandises amounted to $ 2.87 trillion, 40.5 p er centum of the cumulative shortages in all goods and services over the period. And oil s function has increased in importance over the clip in 2012, for illustration, the trade shortage in oil was equal to 55 per centum of the overall trade shortage in goods and services.Deficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on TransportationOver the last 40 old ages, one of the most hard transit policy inquiries has been the issue of the monetary value of oil and its associated impact on transit systems1. Since the 1950s the North American economic system and its transit system have become more and more dependent on oil both in footings of its production of goods and services, and their distribution from production centres to market ingestion centres ( Gordon & A Robert, 1975 ) .The monetary values of nutrient, consumer goods ( e.g. , electronics, furniture, and apparels ) , and capital goods points like autos and houses are all likely to endure from go oning oil monetary value dazes. Fue l monetary value addition may ensue in a broad scope of impacts depending on merely how much of the addition can be passed on to consumers.In the planetary economic system and both the internal and external transit systems of the United States, significantly higher monetary values will act upon factors like The planetary economic system thrill and growing Marine and inland transportation cost Modal portionDeficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on nutrient productionHarmonizing to Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco nutrient monetary values have gone so high since last few old ages. In U.S. , the nutrient monetary values increased by 5 per centum in 2012, while in 2011, the rising prices rate recorded was the highest in last 36 old ages. Though USDA estimated nutrient monetary values increase in between 2.5 to 3.5 per centum, yet rising prices is traveling to be even higher. The higher monetary values are dismaying as economic system is dead with 0 involvement rates.The major ground could be the short autumn of oil supply. Since gas and oil are besides extremely demanded in agricultural sector, a diminution in oil supply will finally raise monetary values of nutrient in approaching old ages. Harmonizing to Geologist Dale Allen Pfeiffer, population is lifting, hence, at that place is a demand to cut population growing rate by at least one 3rd in United provinces and two 3rd in the full universe ( Trehan & A Bharat, 1997 ) .Deficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on energy productionThe macroeconomic deductions of a supply shock-induced energy crisis are big, because energy is the resource used to work all otherwise resources. When energy markets fail, an energy deficit develops. Electricity consumers may see deliberately engineered peal blackouts during periods of deficient supply or unexpected power outages, no matter of the cause.Industrialized states such as United States are dependent on oil, and attempts to curtail the supply of oil would s uckle an inauspicious consequence on the economic systems of oil manufacturers ( Trehan & A Bharat, 1997 ) . Consumers will hold to bear increased monetary values of fuel and those who use electricity for cookery, H2O supply and warming, affects would besides be felt. The current scenarios hence indicated uninterrupted energy crisis and are besides a human-centered crises.MentionsJimenez, R. ( 2009 ) . The Industrial Impact of Oil Price Shocks Evidence from the Industries of Six OECD Countries.Documentos de Trabajo,No. 0731. 2007 N. Velazquez. Impact of Rising Energy Costss on Small Business. Congress of the United States. House of Representatives.Avent, R. ( 2008 ) . A World Less Flat.Guardian, UK. p. 35Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) Survey, p. 133-145, 2012.U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey, p. 205-239, 2008.U.S. potency of Economic Analysis of Current Business, April 2013.Gordon, B. , Robert, J. ( 1975 ) . Alternate Responses of Policy to Exter nal Supply Shocks.Brookings Documents on Economic Activity, ( No. 11975 ) , pp. 183206.Reserve Bank of San Francisco. ( 2012 ) . Oil Prices, Exchange judge and the U.S. Economy An Empirical Probe.Economic Review autumn 2012, pp. 25-33Trehan T. , & A Bharat, V. ( 1997 ) . Oil Supply Shocks and The U.S. Economy.Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco,Weekly Letter. P.198-209.Documentary The Crude Awakening- ( The Oil Crash 2007 ) . ( 2007 ) . Retrieved from YouTube.comQuestion 3Baltimores accommodate render ProjectThis undertaking is considered as one of the controversial undertakings due to match of grounds. One of the grounds is the environmental effects that are disturbed by the building stuff used in edifices and walls. The component that is involved in the building and set uping the environment is Chromium. This component is extremely unsafe for the living existences as it is one of the causes of malignant neoplastic disease disease. Most of the civil applied scientists recomme nd utilizing Cr as a building stuff but it is besides a cause of diseases for the human existences. There could be precautional step adopted by the people to avoid the infection of these chemicals. Apart from the Cr consequence, the other contentions that revolve around the Baltimores haven point undertaking are the location of the country.It is believed that the geographical place of this undertaking is non outstanding because there is an extreme are air force per unit area striking the projects location that could possible weaken the building. The civil applied scientists have taken the creative steps for the safety of the Baltimores seaport point undertaking. The pros and cons have to be considered so that in the hereafter clip, all possible factors could be handled with great anxiety and concentration.Tax Increment Financing ( TIF ) is one of the fiscal footings used for roll uping the receipts enhancements from the companies, organisations and on-going undertakings. There w as an estimation of the paying of revenue enhancements around one coke and seven US dollars to the authorities which itself is a immense sum. It is besides said that TIF are traveling to increase their rate of revenue enhancements so that maximal plebeian could be generated from such undertakings and events ( Dorsey & A James, 1981 ) .There are some of the points on which the Tax Increment Financing and seaport point undertaking can non hold or can non be on the same page. On these points, they ever struggles and contradicts and this arise to many confederacies.When it comes to answerability of the revenue enhancements cosmos asked from the profitable undertakings like seaport point undertaking from the authorities side, they ever fail to turn out the exact sum been required. There has to be complete transparence of the fiscal statements and revenue enhancements being received from such undertakings. The crystal clear fiscal statement and hard currency books have to be recorded sing the revenue enhancements being collected by the Tax Increment Financing section. It is truly compulsory for such establishments to do the record of revenue enhancement aggregation for the Harbor Point Project as they are invariably turning and expects a great feedback from all ( Dixon, 1992 ) .Harbor point undertaking will demo that it is traveling to make more chances for the people or it would saturate the sum of occupations. It is fact that more earning grounds have to be tipped out as there is traveling to be building all around the topographic points. The rewards and the wages have to be equal for all labours irrespective of their background and vicinity. There has to biasness in every facet so that the society could impact a perfect gesture to others.It is a common fact that occupation are given to those who belong to the same vicinity of company, this unbalance occupation chance has to be eradicated. All people have to be given occupations on the footing of virtue and en dowment and the inclination of an orbit of unfairness has to be removed ( Dietrich & A Skinner, 1979 ) . There are certain entities that are involved in the Baltimore Harbors undertaking, for case the investors, employees, authorities employees, man of affairs, the people shacking in the specific country and the elective people. All these people are a portion of the Baltimores undertaking and all the safety steps have to be taken into consideration from each and every facet.Proposed solutionOne of the major jobs is the direction and deliverable of activities sing the Baltimore building. The jobs could be resolved if there is a better direction and perfect determination. All the issues would be possible resolved in the most professional manner. There has to be presence of unchained broad infinites so that structural makeover could be built in much specific manner. This job is supposed to be corrected on clip so that there could be flawlessness at the terminal of the twenty-four ho urs. There have to be engaging of professional civil applied scientists who know their responsibility and acquire the issues solved ( Chesterman, 1978 ) .MentionsChesterman, C. W. ( 1978 ) . The Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals The Audubon Society, New York, Alfred Knopf, Inc. , p.850.Dietrich, R.V. , & A Skinner, B. J. ( 1979 ) . Rocks and Rock Minerals New York, John Wiley & A Sons, p.319.Dixon, D. ( 1992 ) . The Practical Geologist New York, Simon and Schuster, p.160.Dorsey, J. , & A Dilts, J. D. ( 1981 ) . A Guide to Baltimore Architecture Centreville, Md. , Tidewater Publishers, p. 327.

Marketing Concept

In the article Pow Romance Comics Court Girls by Matthew Phillips, it features the gay ships companys new mart. Male readers take away perpetu completelyy been the comics companys target market for the past several years. Commonly, the main character portrays the strength of male g breaker. In the launching of the new comic series, The Plain Janes, Re-Gifters, Clubbing, DC Comics set a new target market, which are the female readers.It is a big opportunity to expand the possible nodes for their market. Their market scheme is that they made the titles more appealing to the women. They based it on fantasy and romantic storylines to get girls attention. They emphasized female strength and their interests.By this strategic move, comic-book industry had their virtually signifi terminatet growth. The Diamond Comics rose their gross sales to a 15% increase while Marvel Entertainments publishing-segment revenue which includes sales to booksellers and comic shops rose 17% to $108.5 million.This market strategy is very advantageous for both go awayies. It provides materials for the female readers and also an additional market implying additional income for the company. The benefit of the market expansions is advantageous not only to the customers nevertheless more importantly to the company itself.The Nolan Ryanx Pitches Virtues of U.S. Beef To Dubious japanese written by Amy Chozick, was all about the campaign on how to win back the Japanese customers on buying U.S. screech products. It has been very evident that the demand for beef had decreased since it was banned in Japan at 2003 payable to the outbreak of mad-cow disease. It was a big challenge since there is a huge decrease in market and also competition was intensified. Japanese stateed more than 50% of their beef from Australia.By using a onward motional strategy on the declining market, their market sales had been saved. Baseball legend Nolan Ryan was made as a campaign model. The catchword Beef makes you strong was thrown during a ceremonial first pitch during a baseball game at A concession stand called the American Meat Booth sold boxes filled with American beef and featuring Mr. Ryans photo in the meat aisles at major grocery stores under in Chiba, a Tokyo suburb, last month. The campaign starring Mr. Ryan was featured in more than 2,000 different beef-related promotions over a three-month period.Once the problem was identified, promotional strategies (advertising campaign) are telling in uplifting the image of the product (U.S. beef) to the customers (Japanese consumers). Using Nolan Ryan, a well-known pitcher, as the endorser has a big impact on the Japanese since Japan is fond of baseball. He is also a credible person in line with meat knowledge since he also has his own cattle farm. In effect of this campaign, the American beef monthly sales had been doubled according to Philip Seng, president of the Denver-based federation.The cost of the promotion has not been stated but the ideal is that it should be relatively lower than the revenue. He admitted that there is a lot more to do to regain the past demand, after the sudden decline in sales due to the negative connotation of the mad-cow outbreak, but as their sales imply, the promotional campaign can be said successful.Marketing ConceptMarketing philosophy has experienced three major shifts during the history of commerce in the United States. First it was production oriented, then sales oriented, and currently it is consumer oriented. Till the late 1920s, companies had contain production qualification, and there was continuous demand for their products. The belief at that time was that, one can sell as much as one can produce. The entire company use to focus on production and Marketing was limited to taking order and supplying products on time. With the introduction of mass-production, production capacity caught up with and, in many areas, exceeded demand. Now, the businesses were sales o riented. Their philosophy became selling as much as one can, by using advertisements and other promotional activitiesThe end of World War II bought a world of choices to the consumers and a lot of competition to the existing players. at that place started a heavy competition for the consumer dollar. Businesses quickly came to sustain that if they were going to get their share of those dollars, they were going to have to become more consumer oriented. This change in philosophy became known as the trade image.The Marketing concept relies on marketing research to define market segments their size and their needs. It is the philosophy that the companies should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decision to satisfy those needs break off than their competition. (www.NetMBA.com)Thus, the marketing concept is essentially establishing a tangible relation between a companys capabilities with customer needs. However, this is not the only factor that is interpreted into acc ount. The marketing environment has other competitors who are planning the very same strategies to lure consumers. Herb Kelleher, CEO of Southwest Airlines saysWe dont have a Marketing Department we have a customer department And in the words of a fords executive If we are not customer driven, our cars wont be either (Kotler, Armstrong. 2006). Companies that have embraced the marketing concept have found that it has had a strong impact on sales. They have also found that, in many respects, it has changed the way they operate.In addition the volatility of the marketing environment give care and changes in the political, economic, social and technological environment, should also be taken into account, while evolution a strategy. Any organization that applies the marketing concept essentially puts its present and potential customers needs as a guideline for its marketing and organizational operations.For e.g. Consumers need to eat when they are hungry. What they take to eat and in what kind of environment will vary enormously. For some, eating at McDonalds satisfies the need to fiddle hunger. For others a microwaved ready-meal meets the need. Some consumers are never satisfied unless their food comes served with a bottle of fine Chardonnay. (http//www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/marketing_concept.asp)However, after creating a desire in the consumers, the pricing should also be sufficiently affordable, make them actually purchase the product.The Marketing concept first analyzes the needs of the consumer and then decides the appropriate product to follow up those needs. Being customer driven, the marketing concept starts with a target market and customers. The company then focuses on the needs of these consumers and integrates all its marketing activities towards building an effective relation with these customers.For e.g. The shift in buying behavior from marketplace to marketspace made Microsoft enter into online automobile retailing with CarPoint.com. While CarPoint could not sell or behave any cars, it could shift much of consumer search, comparison, and decision-making, including pricing, from the physical platform of the traditional car dealer to the virtual world of the Web (Boyd, Walker, Mullins, 2006).As is clearly seen above, such customer-driven approaches succeed, when the consumers know what they want. in that location is a clear need which is fulfilled by a combination of product and promotional concoction. In many cases however, the customers do not know what they want or need. For e.g. 25 years back, the concept of e-books or for that matter cell phones for a regular usage was something an average customer could not foresee.Such cases call for customer driver marketing, where the company understands the customers even better than the customers themselves. As Sonys Akio Morita says Out plan is to lead the public with new products, rather than as them what kind of products they want. (Kotler, et al, 2006) SONY al liance was the first to come up with the idea of a walkman, when they observed that consumers like music to be with them always. It is just as if they well humming the music. The idea, which was ab initio fiercely opposed, became a milestone in the companys history.Marketing CommunicationAccording to Philip Kotler Any Companys marketing strategy requires more than just developing a good product, attractively pricing it and ensuring its ready availability to its consumers. The strategy must include communicating with its current and prospective customers, and what they communicate should not be go forth to chance. (Kotler et al 2006)Companies use a wide range of marketing communications to promote the company, their products and their services. A companys total marketing communication mix consists of a combination of tools like advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personnel selling and direct marketing tools (Kotler et al. 2006).Each of these categories involves specifi c tools. Advertising includes brochures, flyers TV/radio broadcasts etc. sales promotion includes free demos, discount coupons, Sale etc. Public relations includes sponsorships, press releases etc. Personnel selling includes trade shows, sales presentations etc. charter marketing includes telemarketing, direct selling etc.Before any company decides to go in for a specific blend of the above mentioned tools, it should first decide the message to be passed across, the recipients or audience for the message, way and means of presentation and its timing. In addition the follow-up actions after the message is passed across should also be decided, in order to avoid confusion when the orders or product information requests do start coming in.Owing to the advancements in Information technology, the consumers are now becoming increasingly conscious of various choices available to them. The markets hence are seen to becoming more fragmented. Targeting these different fragmented groups beco mes a challenge for the company, especially when they wish to portray different images of the company to the consumers, without affecting the overall companys brand image. This calls in for Integrated marketing communications,IMC , the integration of the companys entire communications channel to hawk a clear and consistent message to the consumers, regarding the organization and various products. (Fill, 2004)The first step of any marketing communication strategy is awareness. Awareness in wrestle starts from curiosity. A motion-control company launched its products in the Nuremberg market fair for the first time, by placing big boxes of candies in their carrell. Needless to say, this attracted the curiosity of many people, who would later become its customers, to the stall just to have a look at what is going on.There is another thing which goes hand-in-hand with awareness, the target market or audience. This factor sets the tone of the promotion in question, and the kind of mess age to be passed on. There are two extreme end of the tone humor and emotional. Companies use emotional appeal concepts like patriotism, family closeness, animal welfare, sharing and giving etc. to promote their products.For e.g. Salvation army uses moral appeal as a pull toward its goal of seeking attention. At the other end of the spectrum are the humorous ads, which are gaining more and more acceptance amongst American audience. According to various studies, light natured ads catch the attention of consumers. In one of its popular ads Budwieser and Bud light featured a wannabe donkey that wears fur hoof extensions and brays in effort to becoming a part of the Budweiser Clydesdales team (Kotler et al 2006).Message structure and format is very important, especially when print media is the desired mode of communication between the company and its consumers. Even the tele-ads are very much concerned about the overall logo and messages displayed on-screen to its consumers. The most popular example of this is the Statuary warning written on cigarette packs.They are always there, always mentioned and always displayed and yet the balance of injurious-yet fashionable is clearly visible in all of these ads. Yesmail sends clients promotional e-mail messages to targeted consumers who said yes when asked whether they wished to receive promotional offers in certain categories of interest (Winer, 2006).Choosing the media of communication is the next step. The is chosen based on getting the maximum amount of visibility and the media that creates lasting impression on the minds of consumers There are many channels that can be used in this case. For e.g. the success of Harry Potter, collapsible scooters, the Chrysler PT Cruiser, and The Blair Witch Project is all due to word-of-mouth publicity (Kotler, Keller, 2005).The print media includes advertisements in magazine, newspapers, pamphlets etc. The most popular media still remain as the television and radio, though intern et marketing is steadfast gaining over them.After the entire process of communication is done, one of the steps that should always be done is collecting the feedback from the consumers. This is done so as to know the authority of the communication on the minds of the consumer.This total marketing communications program used while promoting a company or business is called the promotional mix. Success is all about integrating separate approaches such as PR, internal and direct marketing into one complete marketing strategy. All the promotional elements which are used to gain customers must be planned and then implemented in a coordinated way. (Smith, Taylor, 2004).ReferencesBooksFill, C., Marketing Communications engagement, strategies and practice, 2nd ed.,2004, FT assimilator HallKotler, P. Armstrong G., Principles of Marketing, 11th ed, 2006, PearsonKotler, P., Keller, K., Marketing Management, 12th ed., 1 March 2005, Prentice HallMullins, J., Walker, O., Boyd, H., Marketing Man agement A Strategic Decision-Making Approach, 6th ed, 17 Oct 2006, McGraw-Hill/IrwinSmith, R., Taylor, J., Marketing Communications An Integrated Approach, 4th ed, 1July 2004, Kogan PageWiner, R., Marketing Management, 3rd ed, 31 May 2006, Prentice HallWebsitesMarketing concept and penchant,http//www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/marketing-orientationThe Marketing Concept, Oct. 2003, One Vision Ltd.10 minutes Guide Marketing Communication, 2004, The Chartered Institute ofMarketinghttp//www.cim.co.uk/mediastore/10_minute_guides/10minguide_marketingcommunication.pdf

Korean reform movements

Korea had long been mainland Chinas most important client state, but its strategic muddle opposite the lacquerese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japans interest. In 1875 Japan, which had begun to adopt Western technology, forced Korea to open itself to foreign, especially Japanese, trade and to declare itself independent from China in its foreign relations. In December of 1884, a faction of young Korean aristocrats, called Progressives, adjudicateed a coup dtat, Kapsin Jeongbyeon, with the support of the Japanese in an attempt to gain true earthal independence and put their government on the way to rawization.Japan soon became identified with the more radical modernizing forces within the Korean government, while China continued to support the conservative officials gathered around the royal family. This political coup detat was provoked by Chinas interference in Koreas inbred affairs. Chinese conservatives in collaboration with their Korean associ ates stemmed the tide of modernization policy proposed by reformists and aimed at strengthening of Korean independence. As a essence there was a threat of war between Japan and China but it was avoided by the signing of the Li-Ito Convention, the agreement in compliance with which each nation would withdraw its troops from Korea and give advance notice to the other before sending troops back in (Stone MacDonald, 1996, p. 38).The reformists bid for power failed and traditional Korean government supported by China, retained control. There are several weaknesses in Kapsin Jeongbyeon that made it fail. First of all this revolt was planned to be implemented during the celebration of the grand opening of new Postal Administration. So the armed forces illegally burst into the palace where celebration was held and made an attack. They counted on the Japanese foreign mission guards in terms of military support but did not get any assistance on Japans part. On the contrary they met Japans t reason when the military forces retreated, leaving reformists activists on their own.This was the second major cause of Kapsin Jeongbyeon defeat. Besides the deficiency of military power the reform apparent motion suffered from the lack of public support. The Korean society turned out to be politically immature and unable to give appropriate assessment to the situation and necessary support. The engage of any reformative ideas offered by politicians, public figures or revolutionists depends on that whether this idea can receive powerful backing from ordinary citizens. In the case with Kapsin movement this prerequisite was not fulfilled and this fact consequently added to the movement failure.Despite its failure, Kapsin movement left a significant trace in the history of Korea as national event. In its essence it was the movement the aim of which was the implementation of a nationally important program of modernization and achievement of independent status for Korean nation. Virtua lly, it was the first active movement in the Korean modern history. The Kapsin participants strived to do away with feudal system in the country and lay the foundation for study of the financially independent, modern state. The idea of the movement concerned two facets of the Koreans life independence and modernization.Thus it provided a stimulus for further struggle against foreign mastery over Korea and first of all for resistance movement against Chinas incursion and assertion of national independence. On the other hand Kapsin stimulated modern reforms that ameliorated social and financial situation in the country, founded national defence system that consolidated national power of Korea and last but not least introduced the market place economy.Being a national movement, Kapsin provided sound basis for modern nationalism in Korea, its national concepts were repeatedly exploited by later nationalism movements. It as well as affected religious situation in the country. Though the coup dtat failed, many reformers with religious leanings turned to Christianity, even reformist Confucianism lost prestige and institutional support.1884 coup detat, Kapsin Jeongbyeon, signified a period of the rise of competing nationalism, the self-strengthening and enlightenment campaigns in Korea.ReferencesStone MacDonald, Donald (1996) The Koreans Contemporary Politics and Society. Boulder Westview Press.

Planning and Strategic Management Essay

Management Chapter 10 Planning and Strategic Management Planning Overview Importance of Goals Goals provide a sense of direction Goals focus our efforts Goals guide our plans and decisions Goals service us evaluate our progress The importance of planning at organizations The Hierarchy of Organization Plans Strategic Plans Plans designed to meet an organizations board goals. functional Plans Plans that contain details for carrying out, or implementing, those strategic plans in day-to-day activities.How Strategic and Operational Plans Differ Strategic Plans Operational Plans Time Horizons Strategic plans tend to anticipate ahead several years or even decades For Operational plans, a year is often the relevant time period Scope It affects a dewy-eyed range of organizational activities It has a narrow and more limited scope Degree of Detail Strategic plans are stated in terms that serve simplistic and generic Operational plans are stated in relatively finer detail The Evolution of the Concept of StrategyStrategy The board political platform for defining and achieving an organizations objectives the organizations response to its environment over time. Strategic Management The management process that involves an organizations gentle in strategic planning and then acting on those plans. for attaining objectives The process of seeking find out ideas ( rather than routinely implementing existing policy) and How strategy is formulated, not equitable what the strategy turns out to be The Strategic Management ApproachDan Schendel and Charles Hofer have suggested four key aspects of Strategic Management- 1) Goal Setting 2) Strategy Formulation 3) validation 4) Strategic Control The Strategic Management process Strategic Planning includes both the goal-setting and strategy-formulation processes. Strategy Implementation involves with action based decisions. Levels of Strategy Some key Distinctions Corporate-level strategy Strategy formulated by top management to oversee the interests and operations of ultiline corporations.Business- building block strategy Strategy formulated to meet the goals of a particular air also called line-of- business strategy. Functional-level strategy Strategy formulated by a specific functional area in an effort to carry out business- unit strategy. The Corporate Portfolio Approach Portfolio framework An approach to corporate-level strategy advocated by the Boston Consulting group also known as the BCG matrix.

Baptism and High School Student Essay

My mom told be that when im with her tummy bear shes always angry, cant sleep well and eat lots of food. She was always fighting with my bewilder that time. During my christening, they told me I urinate more than 20 divinitym early(a)s and Godfathers. Back when Im months old, my mom said, she doesnt analogous other people kissing me, except to both my Godparents, because she doesnt like me to smell bad or even get dirty. She even told me that I cry a lot. She also told me that I only live 3 colors in every my clothes pink, yellow and white. All my clothes are well-favored to me, Im so clean and tidy.see moresurvey questionnaire about tardinessI in additionk a bath 3 to 4 times a day, every minute she puts powder on me . Im so fit and sexy way stand then because of my mom, she doesnt involve me to go outside and play with other children. Sometimes, I go out without their permission, just to play and bond with other kids . During my Nursery days, I always have my lunch box w ith me. They always put in it rough cookies with a house drawn to it. But when I started to learn how to read, it was, Cream O cookies . Then, during my Kinder days, I became a Twinkle Star in our Girl Scout.I was so shy and as I remember, I was so sick. Back then, if Im not feeling well and my tummy is aching, I today th quarrel up. I cry and cry because all I wanted that time is to go back home, I realisticly hate mosquito bites. In club 1, during the Foundation day, our class presents a dance and I was in the back row because I dont know how to dance. Thats my weakness, so I do everything, and practice a lot, then in grade 2, I was in the front row and became the leader of the group, and our principal was sitting in front of me.There was a point in my Grade 1 life story that my teacher always gets mad at me, because I always bring view to school. Its because at home, I am a spoiled brat, my parents always give me what I want . In Grade 6, I always make fights, Im so bully a nd I am so confident in myself, because I am always a muse in our class . And in High school, there was a time, that some of the school leaders choose me to be their representative as Ms. Intrams. I became 1st runner up in the Ms. Girl scout of all entire Makati.I also became Lakambini SA buwan ng wika, which makes my mom proud. All about the that special event in my entire high school life, my mom is always there to support me. Even if the gown is expensive, she politic bought it for me. And as I remember, she even registered me to one of this workshop, which is a ramp model. She wants me before to be an artist. Half a month of my 3rd year high school, I met a church thats Victory meet, that was the time I realize everything. What Christ did for me, Salvation.It made me realize how strong the Gospel is, the upshot Christ sacrifice himself at the cross, to forget all our sins and to let us all live. God reveals so many things to me, and during March 23, 2013 I was baptized with t he Holy Water. I was born again. I know the real Elaine, the real me. When I was in my last year of High school, it was the happiest year of my life as a high school student. All of my classmates are so close to me and we all wishes to have pictures together with all our teachers.And during our JS Prom, I felt so elegant with my dress, my friends were shocked with the way I get dressed up. It was way too far from the real Elaine. Whenever Im bored or nothing else to do, I just enjoyed contend chess with my siblings, friends or parents. The people involve in this church, they were the ones who let me see how important my life is, my proboscis and they remind me what did Jesus Christ do to me just for me to live and how strong His Love, Mercy and Grace for us. God changed me, inside and out.2 Corinthians 517 New International Version (NIV) Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new foundation has come, The old has gone, the new is here When I was in my last year of High school, it was the happiest year of my life as a high school student. All of my classmates are so close to me and we all wishes to have pictures together with all our teachers. And during our JS Prom, I felt so elegant with my dress, my friends were shocked with the way I dressed up. It was way too far from the real Elaine. Whenever Im bored or nothing else to do, I just enjoyed playing chess with my siblings, friends or parents.

Alignment of Academic Standards with ELL Proficiency Standards

The federal government has changed the ground melt down and the organization of pedant lessons in the educational systems in 2001 with the No tyke Left behind flirt. The law s nooky that each invoke is to embrace position quarrel bookmans in the offer sagacity and evaluate the savants langu hop on skill with valid, reli satisfactory assessments in the atomic number 18as of oral language and course session and writing skills, much specific all(prenominal)(prenominal)y light, speaking, listing, reading, and writing(Cook, 2007). The requirements of these assessment in any case include assisting in the schoolchilds accomplishment of the states faculty member achievement standards.Since the federal standards has been made to the educational system there pauperisms to be a in the raw method created and evaluated in the way that states and schools eject continue adjusting and properly evaluating side Language Learners. The cosmos of position Language Learners has m ade a tremendous growth in American, over the retiring(a) few years the side of meat Language Learners has grown more the twenty percent and is predictable to emergence more with time. With the population growing in our educational system modifications had to be made.The laws specifies that all children who are disabled, wear downt speak side of meat, or disadvantaged still moderate an equal right to an education. For the reason of English Language Learner comprehensive span the United States wanted something that could adjust and help as a wide start obligation and or standard required to applied in the educational system, so with the No Child Left behind second allowed it to be done. Since the states have to take place and stand by assessment guidelines as substantially as academic standards with the No Child Left Behind play people admit exactly how the non- English students would fit into this law.Assessment must also be given with untrammelled probability that a s tudent get out pass in the regular education curriculums, even though they definitely let each state establish their own specific procedures that met with these probability. The complicating part is it has to link utilise both state and government academic standards. The Arizona or TESOL English language learners standards obligatory are to work severally as a state but then again they are also obligatory to follow and manage the governments requirements. This can be plump outd by rigly combining the English language learners into groups.This act should only be used when placing the students into groups, by doing this allows for identify that level of each child, such as their comprehension level as well as how much they know about speaking, listing, reading, and pen in English the language. There are legion(predicate) different levels that are personalized or tiered into separate classifications for the age varieties. all(prenominal) group has requirements in addition to th e complete outline and details to dimensions from, as well as the requirements that the government has and it does not matter which state you are in they are all the same.These standards are determine as English language Proficiency Standards (ELP). The English language Proficiency Standards deduce in many different segments beginning with the age, then finishing with separable accomplishment and understanding. To begin with the approximately important actor would be the stage of discipline of a child, the students need to be properly split up by their develop skill and accurateness in reasoning purposes. There are four different categories in the age group, graduation exercise there is kindergarten to second, next third to fifth, following sixth to eight, last is ninth to twelfth.Once the correct stage of development has been recognized and properly entangled with other students, then it is on to evaluating the level of English the student knows and comprehends. Each level is important however the first level is entering level maturation to the bridging level, this level agency that a student is ready to join a regular classroom because they have a complete understanding and can intellectual ability to the English Language for all students this is the primary(prenominal) goal to reach.However if a student is not at this level with the help of educators to support and assistance of the assessments every student will be at bridging level as fast as they can. Using the ELP standards in addition to mix them into a teachers daily routine is a requirement in the classrooms today. Teachers should al ways monitor that every student is different and learn in different ways, so teachers need to teach in different ways in order for the students to learn successfully principally while learning literacy skills in reading.When using data it can be a very useful tool when helping students, it can be answerable for a helping teacher to get a better understandi ng of what a student knows, what they need to work on, as well as what need to be worked on so they are able to reach their academic goals. This is a great tool for teacher because it allow them to hit knowledgeable choices that can help the students goals in their educational career.Although high stakes examen carries much of the pitch for teachers there are possibilities to meet federal and stateregulations by cautiously and consciously planning lesson that stick out students with multiple opportunities to be successful and apply language in content mount (GCU, 2012). For teachers to be able to do this they need to be better prepared at educating as well as financial support their states standards with ELP standards. Each lesson should be made that every student is given a come about to be successful. beingness a teacher it is important to provide many opportunities for their students to be successful in their educational future.Alignment of Academic Standards with ELL Pro ficiency StandardsThe federal government has changed the ground work and the organization of scholastic lessons in the educational systems in 2001 with the No Child Left behind Act. The law say that each state is to embrace English Language Learners in the state assessment and evaluate the students language skill with valid, reliable assessments in the areas of oral language and reading and writing skills, more specifically comprehension, speaking, listing, reading, and writing(Cook, 2007). The requirements of these assessment also include assisting in the students accomplishment of the states academic achievement standards.Since the federal standards has been made to the educational system there needs to be a new method created and evaluated in the way that states and schools can continue adjusting and properly evaluating English Language Learners. The population of English Language Learners has made a tremendous growth in American, over the past few years the English Language Lear ners has grown more the twenty percent and is predictable to increase more with time. With the population growing in our educational system modifications had to be made.The laws specifies that all children who are disabled, dont speak English, or disadvantaged still have an equal right to an education. For the reason of English Language Learner comprehensive span the United States wanted something that could adjust and help as a wide range obligation and or standard required to applied in the educational system, so with the No Child Left behind act allowed it to be done. Since the states have to follow and stand by assessment guidelines as well as academic standards with the No Child Left Behind act people ask exactly how the non- English students would fit into this law.Assessment must also be given with unlimited probability that a student will pass in the regular education curriculums, even though they definitely let each state establish their own specific procedures that met wit h these probability. The complicating part is it has to link using both state and government academic standards. The Arizona or TESOL English language learners standards obligatory are to work independently as a state but then again they are also obligatory to follow and manage the governments requirements. This can be completed by correctly combining the English language learners into groups.This act should only be used when placing the students into groups, by doing this allows for identify that level of each child, such as their comprehension level as well as how much they know about speaking, listing, reading, and written in English the language. There are many different levels that are personalized or tiered into separate classifications for the age varieties. Each group has requirements in addition to the complete outline and details to dimensions from, as well as the requirements that the government has and it does not matter which state you are in they are all the same.These standards are identified as English language Proficiency Standards (ELP). The English language Proficiency Standards come in many different segments beginning with the age, then finishing with separable accomplishment and understanding. To begin with the most important factor would be the stage of development of a child, the students need to be properly divided by their developing skill and accurateness in reasoning purposes. There are four different categories in the age group, first there is kindergarten to second, next third to fifth, following sixth to eight, last is ninth to twelfth.Once the correct stage of development has been recognized and properly entangled with other students, then it is on to evaluating the level of English the student knows and comprehends. Each level is important however the first level is entering level developing to the bridging level, this level means that a student is ready to join a regular classroom because they have a complete understanding and can intellectual ability to the English Language for all students this is the main goal to reach.However if a student is not at this level with the help of educators to support and assistance of the assessments every student will be at bridging level as fast as they can. Using the ELP standards in addition to mixing them into a teachers daily routine is a requirement in the classrooms today. Teachers should always reminder that every student is different and learn in different ways, so teachers need to teach in different ways in order for the students to learn successfully principally while learning literacy skills in reading.When using data it can be a very useful tool when helping students, it can be responsible for a helping teacher to get a better understanding of what a student knows, what they need to work on, as well as what need to be worked on so they are able to reach their academic goals. This is a great tool for teacher because it allow them to make knowledgeable choice s that can help the students goals in their educational career.Although high stakes testing carries much of the weight for teachers there are possibilities to meet federal and stateregulations by cautiously and consciously planning lesson that provide students with multiple opportunities to be successful and apply language in content context (GCU, 2012). For teachers to be able to do this they need to be better prepared at educating as well as supporting their states standards with ELP standards. Each lesson should be made that every student is given a chance to be successful. Being a teacher it is important to provide many opportunities for their students to be successful in their educational future.

Rose’s Characterization of McCarthyism

rose wine has used the actions and motives of the jurors as a method of characterising and thus criticising the practise of McCarthyism. A fine example of this is the third juror. A reckless and unrestrained man, he makes accusations against fellow jurors for not siding with his point of view Listen, you voted conscience-smitten, didnt you? What side are you on? a direct reflection of the actions adopted by senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s. The third juror also wrongly accuses the 5th for changing his vote to not-guilty without any evidence to stake his conclusion.This further exemplifies the premise of making unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, especially to throttle dissent. He also verbally attacks those jurors that he perceives as beneath him to further assert his suffer power or control as well as to discourage any views that are unrepentant to his own. The tenth juror is also used to reflect another aspect of McCarthyism. He seems almost ha ngdog of those different to him and his speech regarding those born in slums is an example of the paranoia that the practise of McCarthyism can spread.It is also evident that the tertiary and eighth jurors had virtually decided the defendants guilt without any reference to evidence and were some(prenominal) very unwilling to concede that a reasonable doubt existed. It is clear that move up has used the most unreasonable and reckless jurors to characterise McCarthyism in order to condemn its practise and to explore the dangers that similar movements stage to society. Twelve Angry hands as an interpretation of the American DreamTwelve Angry Men explores a national ethos of the United States the notion that the opportunity for prosperity and succeeder exists for every man careless(predicate) of favorable class or circumstances of birth. This set of ideals is defined as the American Dream. Rose has used the jurors of the play to demonstrate how the notion of the American Dream c an influence the underpinning ideals that society operates upon. For instance, the 8th juror provides an advocate for the principle of equality the notion that all men are created equal heedless of ethnicity or class.This is demonstrated by his sympathy towards the defendant in regards to his difficult upbringing. The 5th juror then provides an example for the American Dream in action. He has been able to create a successful public life for himself despite being born in a slum. Rose has used him to support the premise that social mobility can be achieved despite a disadvantaged upbringing through a willingness to fix hard. The 10th juror is then used to represent those who attempt to undermine the values of equality that are explicitly rendered within the dream by continually distinguishing himself from them.The 3rd juror also exemplifies some nonpareil who has achieved material success (not necessarily internal fulfilment) through a willingness to work hard and strive forwards . The consumerist culture that has been facilitated by the American Dream has also been represented by Rose in the form of the 12th juror. Attached to the 3rd and 12th jurors is the notion that the focus of the dream has shifted to material ownership rather than personal progress or contentment, that success is only defined in terms of money.It is the evident unhappiness of the 3rd juror which exposit that material possession certainly does not guarantee intrinsic fulfilment. The methodical criticism of plain straightforward facts by the 8th juror highlights a transition from concrete to intangible. Rose has done this to demonstrate that not everything is as certain as it first seemed and in turn this can be applied to the seemingly impermeable institution of the American Dream.The overriding prejudices of many in the jury room shows that hard work may not guarantee success and social class or race can be possessed of an impact on individuals perceptions of others. This exemplif ies the pessimistic belief that the American wealth structure perpetuates long-standing racial and class inequalities embed in American society. This is in contrast to the idealistic view that a 1950s America presented a frontier for egalitarian societies. Thus Rose has debased the belief that obtaining wealth is necessary in achieving ones dreams.

Effect of Boko Haream in Nigera Econs

To say that the deadly activities of the Islamic camarilla, Boko Haram, atomic issue forth 18 trampting to death the economy of the North is an down the stairs introduce manpowert. In most states in the North, the devastating socio-economic effects of the sects serial killings and bombings, especi ally in Borno, Yobe, Niger, Kaduna, Kano, Plateau (which is more of ethno-religious conflict), Kogi, Bauchi and recently ,Sokoto, has destroyed economic and commercialized activities with many hoi polloi relocating to some other places. In Maiduguri, Borno State, where the sect originated, the frequent bombings and clashes between Boko Haram and protective cover agents prevail weighed down sternly on ommercial and contrastes activities in the city as many work prevail reportedly crumbled while many pile contract fled the state. The Maiduguri Monday Market say to be the biggest market in the city is reported to go for been impregnablely affected as hundreds of shop ow ners, curiously S knocked out(p)herners argon say to make water closed their tradinges and left the troubled city. About half of the 10, 000 shops and stalls in the market were said to draw been abandoned by traders who have fled the city. Banks and their customers atomic number 18 also said to be operating under difficult situation and have rock-bottom their business hours to guard gainst being attacked by members of the sect. According to the Borno State Com explosive chargeer of Information, Mr. Inuwa Bwala, it will take the state 20 years to reclaim from the current predicament it has found itself. Bwala, in a telephone interview with THISDAY said the security situation has taken its toll on the economy of the state as many throng have fled. According to the commissioner, it is only natural that when you have such a situation as we have now, it will affect the economic fortunes, especially where tidy sum go out to do business under the atmosphere of fear. So there i s no doubt that the crisis has aken its toll on our resources, on our business and on our economy. It will take us a very(prenominal) long time, non less than 20 years to recover and get to the position we were in advance the crisis started. It is our prayers that those who were scared away from Borno State out of fear, those who closed shops out of fear, those who fled in the height of the crisis and the general apathy among business men to invest in Borno State, should do a rethink and come back because the atmosphere is peaceful now. Local businesses are beginning to pick up we are in the process of recovering. The state government has intervened in various usiness sectors, especially the revival of our industries, sculptural relief of poverty, granting of business loans, development of business and technical skills and so many other programmes that the government has initiated for us to forge back the state on to stream and let people swallow the spirit of self-sustenance, let them imbibe the spirit of thriving even in the face of challenges. So it is our prayers that we will recover soonest. We are pollyannaish that Borno will be back on its feet as the economic Heart Beat of the North-east. Mind you Borno has mould links with three international communities nd all these routes had been very viable business routes. We hope that when we transmigrate our links with these communities, businesses shall boom again in Borno State and the nation at large. Since January 20, 2012, when the militant sect launched its onslaught on the metropolitan city of Kano, life has non been the same again in the city which is noned as the heart of the development of the North. The attack on Kano has been very devastating because the city has eer been the commercial centre of western Sudan for the past 500 years. The city had been economic base of the North before even neighbouring countries like NigerRepublic, Chad and northern Cameroun before the evolution of the N igerian nation. But today the story is contrasting as business and commercial activities have taken a turn for the worse in the city as a result of the security problems occasioned by frequent killings and bombings. Investors who have been doing business in the city for ages are said to be relocating their businesses due to the unending security challenges in the city. Kano, which is reputed to be the hub of business and commercial activities in the entire 19 Northern states and beyond, is gradually losing steam. About 80 per cent of the industries are said to closed shops, due o power failure and the daunting security challenges. The security challenges have pretended negatively on both the private and public sectors of the economy as many business men and traders have move their businesses from the city. About 35 per cent of the over three million Igbo businessmen and traders in the city who engaged in both small and medium scale businesses are reported to have fled to Abuja a nd the South-east due to the growing peril posed by the activities of Boko Haram. The indigenous business community of interests in the city especially the textile merchants are not faring better as they count their losings as heir customers who used to patronise them no longer go to Kano for fear of the unknown. The Durbar Festival in Kano which used to attract local and international tourists was canceled last week because of security issues even though it was attri saveed to the emeers failing health. The Kano State government lost huge revenue from this singular decision. The story is not different in Jos, the Plateau State capital the unofficial headquarters of the Middle Belt. Plateau has been in the news before the advent of Boko Haram as a result of the persistent ethnic and religious crisis that has proceed to engulf the state.The city has witnessed so much carnage that many businesses are no longer thriving, as many business concerns have abandoned the city and moved ou t their investments. Though the city is not reputed as an industrial city, it is noted for its tourism potentials which have contributed to the national economy. However, the once thriving tourism name and address that was an attraction for local and international tourists is now history as the spate of violence in the state which knockherto prides it as the Home of Peace and tourism seems to have been robbed off of its glory in the tourism industry. Today, Jos is a no go area for tourists as estination marketers and tour operators take their clients to destinations with relative peace. Only hotels are recording slightly above 20 per cent occupancy rate. rough are said to have closed down while the Jos Museums, Jos Wildlife and Amusement Park no longer witness visitors trooping there again. The impact on hospitality is so much that investors in the industry are looking elsewhere, especially at neighbouring places like Abuja since tourism does not thrive in an environment characte rised by insecurity and violence. asunder from the ethno religious violence, the city has had its share of the Boko Haram ombings. Many people have closed up their businesses and left the city. societal and economic activities are on the lowest ebb as a result of the security situation. wish Jos, Kaduna the former capital of the defunct Northern parting has not fared better as business activities in the city continued to nose dive as a result of the increasing level of insecurity in state. As a result of the prevailing level of insecurity, many businesses, especially beer parlour operators, wickedness clubs and other places of relaxation are gradually folding up as their owners count their losings. Worst hit are those located in the northern art of the city, such as the elitist NAF club, owned by the Nigerian Airforce , along Rabbah Road, which used to be a beehive of activities. Many residents live in unceasing fear of the unknown as the Boko Haram sect consecutive to attack the city as they restrict their business activities to areas where they feel safe. Worst hit is the hospitality business in the city. Many hoteliers are counting their losses as a result of lack of patronage. Many people who come into town for any interest prefer to go to stay in Abuja rather than stay the night in Kaduna. A source at one of the leading hotels in Kaduna lamented that since, the reprisal ttacks that trailed the June 17 bombing of Churches in Kaduna and Zaria, there had been very low patronage. As you can see, the whole place is looking empty we dont have customers as we used to have because people are afraid of coming to Kaduna. No any serious event, meeting or occasion that could bring people to Kaduna is holding, so business is on the declined, said the source. A lot of Igbo are said be relocating from the city to Abuja and the East for a more secured business environment. According to Mr. Ben Ikowu, a businessman, businesses are no longer thriving in Kaduna as th ey ought to be as a result of insecurity ccasioned by Boko Haram bombings. Sincerely business is not thriving at all in Kaduna. The business environment is very doll, there is so much uncertainty. Each day you showing up, you are scared because you are afraid of what may happen during the day and you are very calculated of places to go so that you dont get caught up in the wrong place if anything happens. We, especially the non-indigenes have been living under serious fears because of the bombings. A lot of people, especially we Igbo, are relocating to Abuja and the East. Some people have relocated their investments. A good number of people thatI know have put up their houses for sale because they want to relocate. I know people who have moved to Abuja to secure business offices so that they could have a place to fall back on if the situation of things in the North remains the way we are seeing. I know people some of my Igbo brothers who have relocated their families back home bec ause of the situation of things in the North generally so as to avoid the convey of the 1966 civil war. They are ready to leave and join their families back home anytime if things get worst, he said. He lamented further that businesses were at a standstill because people are scared, dding that if anybody tells you those things are moving well in Kaduna, that person is telling a lie. Well things may be moving well for people who are working and getting salary at the end of the month, but for those of us in business, we going finished serious difficulties. in that location is feeling of insecurity and uncertainty everywhere and that not good for any economy, it is not good for business and investment. Also lamenting the situation, the Executive Director of Admiral Agricultural and Environmental Care, Kaduna, Mr Shadrack Madlion, regretted that the business environment in the North is becoming orst and called on the authorities to do something about the worsening security situation . Madlion noted that business activities in northern Nigeria today have gone to almost zero per cent. There is no way anybody can come and put up any investment where there is insecurity. He lamented that I was thriving on N3 million on workaday bases in business, in my agricultural inputs, but today, I dont see N80, 000. Those in the transport business are feeling it too. social life in the North is gone. No one is going to say the North should wake up because they are feeling it. I seat in my office and somebody expects me to ay my local government taxes and other government taxes, under what circumstances can I generate the funds when business is not moving. I am not even sure whether I would be able to pay my childrens give lessons fees this coming session because there had not been business. People move out of Kaduna to go and look for their daily bread. In terms of food business at this Ramadan period, it is progressive but as I verbalise with you sales have dropped by 75 per cent compared to last fasting session. Prices have gone up because of insecurity. Lamenting the situation further, the Bishop of Kaduna Diocese of the Church of Nigeria,Anglican Communion, Rev. Josiah Idowu- Fearon, said that violence has destroyed the economic, social and religious lives of the people of Kaduna State. Addressing the first session of the 19th Synod of the Anglican Church in Kaduna recently, Fearon said a significant number of church members prefer to stay within the safety of their homes rather than coming to churches and be bombed to death. According to him, businesses have dropped and the standard of living has also dropped deeply, stressing that for the situation to stop, the North must do something. The entire North-east of the country, Jos and Kano are almost completely isolated conomically, socially and politically. The understanding by many in this northern incision today is that Kaduna, the Heart Beat of the North is the next target of this group that is bent on this mission of self- destruction, he said. In virtually all the states in the story is not different as people living under fear of the unknown. Concerned about happenings in the region, the Federal Government, in February this year, raised the appall over the devastating effect of the Boko Haram insurgency on the region, warning that religious extremists will destroy the region if the activities of the Islamic sect are not curtailed.The Information Minister, Mr. Labaran Maku, who spoke on behalf of the government, had said the region needfully peace and stability more than any other region in the country, particularly because the region is intelligibly lagging behind in terms of infrastructure, education and other development indices, declaring that the Norths economy is on the bound of collapse. Sadly, the governors of the region appear to be helpless in containing the situation as the Islamic sect continuous with its bombardment. For how long will this continue? I f the region comes out of this, it will surely take some decades for it to recover from the effect of this madness.

Brandywine Battlefield Park

Brandywine playing area is considered as hotshot diachronic commonaltying areaing lot under Pennsylvania historical and Museum Commission in cooperation with the Brandywine Battlefield Historic rank Associates.It is placed on 50 acres near Chadds Ford, Delawargon County, Pennsylvania. The hi flooring of Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 during the Ameri stand whirling takes place here and it was a major(ip) victory for the British where they have succeeded in capturing Philadelphia.In 1949, This area was established as a Pennsylvania State park. it is open to the public from 9 in the break of the day up to 4 in the afternoon from Tuesday to Saturday and on Sundays from12 noon to 4 in the afternoon.Talking nigh the geographic location of the actionfield park, it is on the banks of Brandywine creek in southeastern Pennsylvania. Since it is near Philadelphia it led directly to the footing where the major battle of American revolution takes place. the creek is o ne major obstacle and serves as a moat that blocks the British access to the Schuylkill River and the Continental sexual congress both in Philadelphia.It is as well as the regulate passs of the bakers dozen colonies. The road control was crucial to both supplies of British and Continental armies.In the park you forget see reenactors who portrays jackboot mercenaries, booster farmers and British and continental soldiers during special events in the park. staffs and volunteers from the park provides daily tour visit to tourer about the battlefield and the park. hands on activities are besides given to visitors as well as speeches and seminar sponsorships.Much of the park and battlefield is preserved. it is tagged as a National Historical Landmark designated by the joined States Congress 20 years after the Battle of Brandywine it was inaugurated in the year 1997. (Webster, 2007)As you tour around the park you will see various pictures and even actual proofs that these park wa s once a site of a halcyon farming community before the battle. at that place are homes of quaker farmers which has been restored tot heir 1777 fashion and can e viewed by everyone within.The headquarter used by George Washington before and after the battle is in any case set in the park and the name of the structure is The Benjamin Ring House. Inside the house at that place are collections of quaker style furniture with detailed historical information about the battle and the goal of tick of Washington in the house. the house has an easy access of Chadds Ford where the British were expected to cross the river. intimate this house, Washington held a council of war with his generals and plans their strategies.It was to a fault burnt out on September 16, 1931 and was already restored to its professional 1777 look. Inside the Benjamin ring, is one fulling mill and one grist mill. the house is named after Mr. Benjamin ring who is considered as the most prominent businessman in the township.On the opposite side of the park, the Gideon Glipin House is located and this house is alike restored and furnished with vintages of Quaker furniture. Marquis de Lafayette base operations was set here before and during the battle.The visitors center deep down the park has a Museum where the Battle of Brandywine and the American Revolution is presented as part of the modernization of the park to protect visitors and give them more knowledge about he important event that happened in the said place. there is also a permanent interpretive exhibit and an audio video presentation of graphics that tells the story of the battle and its relation to the campaign in Philadelphia in 1777. the museum contains artifacts and explanations that gave more emphasis about the Battle of BrandywineBrandywine Battlefield Historical park is easy to access for tourist and history lovers. outdoor picnic facilities are also available. Restrooms, and park offices for reservations are also foun d where friendly park personnels can be found for besides assistant during your visits. There are also gift shops and souvenir shops inside the park.The Battlefield Park brings the work on to deportment through authentic displays amid the hauntingly beautiful and tranquil rolling, wooded hills not far from where the battle was fought.Work CitedWebster, Nancy V. A population Treasure Brandywine Battlefield Park. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, February 12, 2007Brandywine Battlefield ParkBrandywine Battlefield is considered as one historical park under Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in cooperation with the Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site Associates.It is located on 50 acres near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The history of Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777 during the American revolution takes place here and it was a major victory for the British where they have succeeded in capturing Philadelphia.In 1949, This battlefield was established as a Pennsylvania State park. it is open to the public from 9 in the morning up to 4 in the afternoon from Tuesday to Saturday and on Sundays from12 noon to 4 in the afternoon.Talking about the geographical location of the battlefield park, it is on the banks of Brandywine creek in southeastern Pennsylvania. Since it is near Philadelphia it led directly to the land where the major battle of American revolution takes place.The creek is one major obstacle and serves as a moat that blocks the British access to the Schuylkill River and the Continental Congress both in Philadelphia. it is also the crossroads of the Thirteen colonies. The road control was crucial to both supplies of British and Continental armies.In the park you will see reenactors who portrays Hessian mercenaries, quaker farmers and British and continental soldiers during special events in the park. staffs and volunteers from the park provides daily tour visit to tourist about the battlefield and the park. hands on acti vities are also given to visitors as well as speeches and seminar sponsorships.Much of the park and battlefield is preserved. it is tagged as a National Historical Landmark designated by the United States Congress 20 years after the Battle of Brandywine it was inaugurated in the year 1997. (Webster, 2007)As you tour around the park you will see various pictures and even actual proofs that these park was once a site of a thriving farming community before the battle. there are homes of quaker farmers which has been restored tot heir 1777 appearance and can e viewed by everyone inside.The headquarter used by George Washington before and after the battle is also located in the park and the name of the structure is The Benjamin Ring House. Inside the house there are collections of quaker style furniture with detailed historical information about the battle and the period of stay of Washington in the house. the house has an easy access of Chadds Ford where the British were expected to cro ss the river.Inside this house, Washington held a council of war with his generals and plans their strategies. It was also burnt out on September 16, 1931 and was already restored to its master key 1777 look. Inside the Benjamin ring, is one fulling mill and one grist mill. the house is named after Mr. Benjamin ring who is considered as the most prominent businessman in the township.On the opposite side of the park, the Gideon Glipin House is located and this house is also restored and furnished with vintages of Quaker furniture. Marquis de Lafayette base operations was set here before and during the battle.The visitors center inside the park has a Museum where the Battle of Brandywine and the American Revolution is presented as part of the modernization of the park to obtain visitors and give them more knowledge about he important event that happened in the said place.there is also a permanent interpretive exhibit and an audio video presentation of graphics that tells the story o f the battle and its relation to the campaign in Philadelphia in 1777. the museum contains artifacts and explanations that gave more emphasis about the Battle of BrandywineBrandywine Battlefield Historical park is easy to access for tourist and history lovers. outdoor picnic facilities are also available. Restrooms, and park offices for reservations are also found where friendly park personnels can be found for further assistance during your visits. There are also gift shops and souvenir shops inside the park.The Battlefield Park brings the action to life through authentic displays amid the hauntingly beautiful and tranquil rolling, wooded hills not far from where the battle was fought.Work CitedWebster, Nancy V. A Commonwealth Treasure Brandywine Battlefield Park. Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, February 12, 2007